The spores were scraped from the plates using sterile swabs and suspended in 400-mL sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Catalog No. The cells were examined periodically via phase contrast microscopy to examine spore development and formation. The plates were incubated at 30 ☌ for 7 days. 210912 Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) using a swab to cover the whole plate. The suspension was plated on 15 plates of AK Agar #2 Sporulating Agar (Cat. The mixture was placed in an orbital shaker water bath at 65 ☌ and 50 rpm for 10 min. The suspension was mixed with a vortex mixer (Barnstead Thermolyne Type 37600 Bebu-que, IA) for 10 min. niger (Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ) in 100-mL irrigation water (McGAW, Irvine, CA). BG spores were prepared by inoculating 1-g spores of B. niger spores (BG spores) and Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells were prepared for use as biological simulants. 2Ĭell suspensions of Bacillus subtilis var. ![]() ![]() When samples are taken from the environment that come from aerosol samplers or surface wipes of unknown samples, there is a wide spectrum of potential inhibitors that must be considered. ![]() Although these matrices can often prove a challenge for sample cleanup and nucleic acid isolation, the limited number of matrices allows for standardized approaches in methodology to prepare nucleic acids and remove inhibitors. ![]() Diagnostic samples are presented, however, in preordained sample matrices such as blood, urine, nasal swabs, or feces. 1 As a model, diagnostic laboratories are faced with high numbers of urgent samples each day in which the results must carry a high level of confidence. As previously predicted, public health laboratories were ill-prepared to deal with a large influx of samples during a national incident, and a high-throughput sample screening solution was needed. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALSĮvents in the United States during 2001 have renewed interest in routine biological monitoring of the environment for biological warfare agents.
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